Population of the Antarctica – Best Biodiversity Guide 2023
Population of the Antarctica - Best Biodiversity Guide 2023
Population of the antarctica
Antarctica is the only continent where human habitation is not permanent. However, there are permanent human settlements where scientists and support staff alternately live for a portion of the year. Seasons affect the population of the Antarctic. In the summer, about 5000 people reside on the continent; in the winter, that number lowers to about 1000 people, or roughly 25% of the overall population. The McMurdo Station is the largest of the research stations, where the majority of the people resides.
Antarctica-Biodiversity
The terrestrial and native year-round species appear to be the descendants of ancestors that lived in geothermally warmed environments during the last ice age, when these locations were the only ones on the continent not covered by ice.
Animals
The main species of the Southern Ocean, Antarctic krill, forms large schools and feeds a wide range of marine animals such as squid, icefish, albatrosses, whales, seals, fur seals, and leopard seals.
The few terrestrial animals that do live in Antarctica are found on the sub-Antarctic islands. Certain species of marine animals are directly or indirectly dependent on phytoplankton. Water life in the Antarctic includes giant squids, fur seals, blue whales, orcas, and penguins. The only two species of penguins that breed in Antarctica all winter are the emperor and Adélie penguins, who breed farther south than any other penguin. Only three birds, the snow petrel among them, breed only in Antarctica.
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In the 18th and 19th centuries, American and British sealers hunted vast numbers of Antarctic fur seals for their pelts.The “true seal” of the Weddell seal is awarded to Sir James Weddell, the British commander of the Weddell Sea sealing missions. Leopard seals cross the Southern Ocean in search of food because they are the top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem.
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Fungi
It is estimated that Antarctica is home to 400 distinct species of lichen-forming fungus. Approximately 400 of the approximately 1,150 species of fungi known to exist in Antarctica generate lichen, whereas the remaining 750 are non-forming. Some of these species have evolved into cryptoendoliths as a result of their hardy evolutionary history, and they have had a significant impact on the construction of the remarkable rock formations found in the McMurdo Dry Valleys and the neighboring mountain ranges.
These fungi’s relatively simple appearance, barely differentiated structures, metabolic activities, and enzymes that remain active at very low temperatures make them particularly well-suited to harsh environments like the McMurdo Dry Valleys.
Plants
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The current Antarctic environment inhibits the establishment of considerable vegetation, despite the fact that Permian forests started to dominate the continent approximately 300 million years ago and tundra vegetation remained as late as 15 million years ago. Freezing weather, poor soil quality, dryness, and lack of sunlight can impede plant growth. As a result, the distribution of plant life is constrained and its diversity is minimal.
The term “bryophytes” refers to the vast majority of plants on the continent. The Antarctic Peninsula is home to just three species of flowering plants: the non-native Poa annua, popularly known as annual bluegrass; the flowering plant Deskhusia antarctica, sometimes called Antarctic hair grass; and the flowering plant Colobanthus quitensis, also called Antarctic pearlwort. There are about twenty-five species of liverworts and about 100 species of mosses. Growth is restricted to a few weeks during the summer.
Other organisms
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Algae come in seven hundred species, primarily phytoplankton. Coastal areas in the summer are especially abundant in snow algae and diatoms with a variety of colors. Bacteria have been shown to exist in the cold and darkness up to 800 meters, or 2,600 feet, below the ice (0.50 miles).
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